Hītori o ngā kaiwhakahaere tohu huarahi

Hītori okaiwhakahaere tohu huarahiI ahu mai i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, i te wā i tino hiahiatia ai tētahi huarahi whakarite me te whai hua ake hei whakahaere i te rere o ngā waka. I te piki haere o te maha o ngā waka i runga i te rori, ka piki haere hoki te hiahia mō ngā pūnaha ka taea te whakahaere pai i te nekehanga o ngā waka i ngā whakawhitinga huarahi.

Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere tohu huarahi tuatahi he taputapu miihini māmā noa iho i whakamahi i tētahi raupapa taputapu me ngā rīpene hei whakahaere i te wā o ngā tohu huarahi. I whakahaerehia ā-ringa ēnei kaiwhakahaere tuatahi e ngā āpiha huarahi, ā, mā rātou e whakarerekē te tohu mai i te whero ki te kakariki i runga i te rere o ngā waka. Ahakoa he taahiraa tēnei pūnaha ki te huarahi tika, ehara i te mea kāore he ngoikoretanga. Tuatahi, e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te whakaaro o ngā āpiha huarahi, ka taea e rātou te hē, te awe rānei i ngā āhuatanga o waho. Hei tāpiri, kāore e taea e te pūnaha te urutau ki ngā huringa o te rere o ngā waka puta noa i te rā.

I te tau 1920, i angitu te whakawhanaketanga o te pūmana tohu huarahi aunoa tuatahi i te Hononga o Amerika. I whakamahia e tēnei putanga tōmua he raupapa o ngā taima hikohiko hei whakahaere i te wā o ngā tohu huarahi. Ahakoa he whakapainga nui atu i te pūnaha ā-ringa, he iti tonu tōna kaha ki te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga hurihuri o te huarahi. Tae noa ki te tekau tau atu i 1950 ka whakawhanakehia ngā pūmana tohu huarahi urutau tuatahi. Ka whakamahia e ēnei pūmana ngā pūoko hei kite i te aroaro o ngā waka i ngā whakawhiti huarahi, me te whakarite i te wā o ngā tohu huarahi. Mā tēnei ka kaha ake te pūnaha, ka tere ake te aro, ā, ka pai ake te urutau ki ngā waka e rerekē haere ana.

I puta mai ngā kaiwhakahaere tohu huarahi e ahu mai ana i te tukatuka iti i ngā tau 1970, ā, i whakapai ake i te mahi a te pūnaha. Ka taea e ēnei kaiwhakahaere te tukatuka me te tātari i ngā raraunga whakawhiti i te wā tūturu, kia tika ake ai, kia whai hua ake ai hoki te whakahaere rere o ngā waka. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e rātou te kōrero ki ētahi atu kaiwhakahaere i te rohe hei whakarite i te wā o ngā tohu huarahi i te taha o te ara raro.

I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere tonu te kaha o ngā hangarau ki te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha whakahaere tohu huarahi. Nā te putanga mai o ngā tāone atamai me te Ipurangi o ngā Mea i akiaki te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha whakahaere tohu huarahi whatunga ka taea te kōrero ki ētahi atu taputapu me ngā pūnaha atamai. Ka huaki ake ngā huarahi hou hei whakapai ake i te rere o ngā waka me te whakaiti i te noho puku, pērā i te whakamahi i ngā raraunga mai i ngā waka hono hei arotau i te wā tohu.

I ēnei rā, he wāhanga nui ngā kaiwhakahaere tohu huarahi o ngā pūnaha whakahaere huarahi hou. Ka āwhina i ngā waka kia tere tonu i roto i ngā whakawhitinga huarahi, ā, he mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakapai ake i te haumaru, te whakaiti i te pupuhi o te waka, me te whakaiti i te parahanga o te hau. I te tipu haere tonu o ngā tāone nui, me te noho tāone nui haere, ka piki haere tonu te hiranga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tohu huarahi whai hua.

I roto i te poto, ko te hītori o ngā kaiwhakahaere tohu huarahi he mea auaha tonu, he whakapai ake hoki. Mai i ngā taputapu miihini māmā i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20 ki ngā kaiwhakahaere honohono matatau o ēnei rā, ko te whanaketanga o ngā kaiwhakahaere tohu huarahi kua akiakihia e te hiahia mō te whakahaere huarahi haumaru ake, whai hua ake hoki. I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau, e tumanakohia ana ētahi atu whanaketanga i roto i ngā kaiwhakahaere tohu huarahi ka āwhina i te hanga i ngā tāone atamai ake, pumau ake hoki a muri ake nei.

Mena kei te hiahia koe ki ngā rama huarahi, nau mai whakapā atu ki te kaiwhakarato mana whakahaere tohu huarahi Qixiang kipānuihia atu.