Ko te rama whero he "mutu", ko te rama matomato he "haere", ā, ko te rama kōwhai he "haere tere". He tikanga huarahi tēnei kua maumaharahia e tātou mai i te tamarikitanga, engari e mōhio ana koe he aha te take o terama kanapa o te huarahiwhiriwhiri i te whero, te kōwhai, me te kakariki kaua i ētahi atu tae?
Tae o ngā rama e kanapa ana te huarahi
E mōhio ana tātou ko te mārama kitea he momo ngaru hikohiko, koinei te wāhanga o te whānuitanga hikohiko ka kitea e te kanohi tangata. Mō te pūngao kotahi, ko te roa o te roanga ngaru, ko te iti ake o te tūponotanga kia marara, ā, ko te tawhiti atu ka haere. Ko ngā roanga ngaru hikohiko ka kitea e ngā kanohi o te tangata noa kei waenganui i te 400 me te 760 nanometer, ā, he rerekē anō hoki ngā roanga ngaru o te mārama o ngā auau rerekē. I roto i ēnei, ko te whānuitanga roanga ngaru o te mārama whero ko te 760~622 nanometer; ko te whānuitanga roanga ngaru o te mārama kōwhai ko te 597~577 nanometer; ko te whānuitanga roanga ngaru o te mārama kākāriki ko te 577~492 nanometer. Nō reira, ahakoa he rama waka porowhita, he rama waka pere rānei, ka whakaritea ngā rama kanapa waka kia rite ki te whero, te kōwhai, me te kākāriki. Me waiho te taha maui, te taha runga rānei hei rama whero, ko te taha maui ia kei waenganui. He take tēnei mō tēnei whakaritenga – mēnā he pūmau te ngaohiko, he kaha rawa rānei te rā, ka māmā ake te tautuhi a te taraiwa i te raupapa pumau o ngā rama tohu, kia pai ai te haumaru o te taraiwa.
Te hītori o ngā rama rama waka
Ko ngā rama rama tuatahi i hangaia mō ngā tereina, kaua mō ngā motuka. Nā te mea ko te whero te roangaru roa rawa atu i roto i te whānuitanga e kitea ana, ka kitea atu i tawhiti atu i ētahi atu tae. Nō reira, ka whakamahia hei rama rama mō ngā tereina. I taua wā anō, nā ōna āhuatanga e ātaahua ana ki te kanohi, he maha ngā ahurea e whakaaro ana ki te whero hei tohu whakatūpato mō te tūponotanga.
Ko te kakariki te tuarua o te kōwhai i roto i te whānuitanga e kitea ana, ā, koinei te tae māmā ki te kite. I ngā rama tohu rerewē o mua, ko te kakariki te tohu tuatahi mō te "whakatūpato", ko te kore tae, ko te mā rānei te tohu mō te "waka katoa".
E ai ki te "Railway Signals", ko ngā tae taketake kē atu o ngā rama tohu rerewē he mā, he kakariki, he whero. He tohu whakatūpato te rama kakariki, he tohu haumaru te haere, ā, he tohu tū me te tatari te rama whero, pērā i tēnei wā. Heoi, i roto i te whakamahinga tūturu, he tino mārama ngā rama tohu tae i te pō ki ngā whare mangu, engari ka taea te whakauru i ngā rama mā ki tetahi mea. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakauru i te marama noa, ngā rāneti, tae atu ki ngā rama mā. I tēnei wā, he tino tūponotanga ka puta he aituā i te taraiwa nā te mea kāore e taea e ia te wehewehe mārama.
Kua roa kē te wā i hangaia ai te rama tohu kōwhai, ā, ko Hu Ruding te kaihanga o taua rama. E rua noa ngā tae o ngā rama huarahi o mua, ko te whero me te kakariki. I a Hu Ruding e ako ana i te United States i ōna tau tōmua, e hikoi ana ia i te tiriti. I te tahuritanga o te rama kākāriki, kua tata ia te neke atu, ka pā mai tētahi waka e huri ana i tōna taha, ka mataku ia i a ia e puta ana i te waka. I roto i te werawera makariri. Nō reira, ka puta ake te whakaaro ki a ia ki te whakamahi i tētahi rama tohu kōwhai, arā, he kōwhai kitea nui me te roanga ngaru kitea tuarua ki te whero, ā, ka noho tonu ki te tūranga "whakatūpato" hei whakamahara i te tangata ki te tūponotanga.
I te tau 1968, i whakaritea e te "Whakaaetanga mō ngā Huarahi Waka me ngā Tohu me ngā Tohu Rori" a te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao te tikanga o ngā rama mura o te huarahi. I roto i ēnei, ka whakamahia te rama tohu kōwhai hei tohu whakatūpato. Kāore e taea e ngā waka e anga atu ana ki te rama kōwhai te whiti i te rārangi mutu, engari ina tata rawa te waka ki te rārangi mutu, ā, kāore e taea te tū haumaru i te wā tika, ka taea e rātou te tomo ki te whakawhitinga waka me te tatari. Mai i taua wā, kua whakamahia tēnei ture puta noa i te ao.
Ko te tae me te hītori o ngā rama hikohiko waka kei runga ake nei, ki te hiahia koe ki ngā rama hikohiko waka, nau mai whakapā maikaihanga rama rama wakaQixiang kipānuihia atu.
Wā tuku: Maehe-17-2023
